revolution

Dmitry Litvinov21.12.2025

Some believe that the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II in March 1917 was the result of a “conspiracy of Duma deputies and generals.” This belief persists despite the fact that the February events in Petrograd have been studied in considerable detail by historical scholars. During World War I, Russia experienced a veritable boom in the […]

Tony Rocchi20.10.2025

In his own way, Vladimir Lenin had to rebel against his own Bolshevik Party to lead the Bolsheviks to overthrow the Provisional Government in the October Revolution of 1917. Beginning with his April theses almost immediately after his return to Russia from Switzerland, Lenin’s calls to launch a socialist revolution left many Bolsheviks, Mensheviks, and […]

Vladimir Golstein11.10.2025

According to the highly respected University of Chicago professor, Robert Pape, who studies political violence, 39% of democrats would approve violent removal of Trump. This is scary. Furthermore, another poll suggests that 2/3 of American students think that it is OK to use violence against “offensive” speakers. This is all pretty disturbing and brings a […]

Tony Rocchi04.10.2025

From Multi-Party State to One-Party State: the disintegration and collapse of non-Bolshevik parties and movements in the Russian Revolution. The former Russian Empire was the most multi-party country in Europe. However, by the early 1920s, the Soviet Union, its successor state, had become Europe’s biggest one-party state. The history of how the Bolsheviks or Communists […]

Tony Rocchi22.09.2025

Nobody really ruled Russia between the February and October Revolutions of 1917. A governmental and legal vacuum opened in Russia in 1917 with the overthrow of Tsar Nicholas II in the February Revolution. Neither the Provisional Government nor the Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies showed much enthusiasm in establishing themselves as rulers of […]

Tony Rocchi09.09.2025

Every European revolution had a counter-revolution. Russia in 1917 was a huge exception to this historical pattern because there was no counter-revolution in the former Russian Empire between the February and October Revolutions of 1917. In fact, the conditions for a counter-revolution were completely absent. Russian revolutionaries prided themselves on their understanding of revolutions of […]

Andrey Vedyaev28.07.2025

On July 10, 1900, the legendary Soviet intelligence officer Maria Aleksandrovna Fortus was born into the family of a Kherson banker. She had to look death in the eye more than once, but still stayed alive — it seemed that Fortune herself was on her side. At the age of 16, Maria, carried away by […]

Tony Rocchi05.11.2024

World War One was the catalyst that made possible the speedy collapse of the Russian state and society after the overthrow of Tsar Nicholas II in the February Revolution of 1917. All sectors of society in the Russian Empire underwent major changes both on the war front and on the home front from 1914 to […]

Tony Rocchi29.10.2024

The tumultuous eight months between the February and October Revolutions of 1917 witnessed many types of violence, but terrorism and even state violence were not among them. Instead, the lands of the former Russian Empire were rocked by many incidents of mass violence from below. Politically motivated killings often happened during 1917, but political parties […]

Natalia Tanshina09.07.2024

A significant date is approaching — 235 years since the beginning of the French Revolution. Which we called either the Great French Bourgeois Revolution or the French Bourgeois Revolution (without the great one, because the great one is only ours, the October Revolution, because it is socialist). Now they also call it ambiguously: some, the […]

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Was There a “Conspiracy” in February 1917?

Lenin—Rebel Against the Bolshevik Party in 1917

Terrorism as a manifestation of “pedocracy”

From Multi-Party Russia to One-Party State

Reluctant Rulers in Russia, February to October 1917

Why Was There No Counter-Revolution in Russia in 1917?

Maria from Kherson

Brave New World: Russian Society in 1917

Terrorism in the Year 1917: a Conspicuous Absence

The French Revolution’s 235th Anniversary

US Intelligence vs. Reuters

Can AI Become God?

Reflections on My Trip to Washington, DC

You Look Great!