terrorism

Tony Rocchi04.12.2023

Before writing the articles on political trials in the Russian Empire and use of administrative orders and extraordinary laws to crush opposition, I must explain my methodology—how I research and write about different subjects in history. Most important is how I define terrorism. In this series we are looking at the how the Russian Empire […]

Tony Rocchi03.12.2023

Tsar-Nicholas-IIs-opening-speech-before-the-first-elected-State-Duma-on-27-April-1906l.jpg

Political trials in the Russian Empire turned into battlegrounds between the government and educated society as represented by the political parties and movements. Socialist defendants and their liberal defense lawyers joined combat with prosecutors determined to present the revolutionaries as monsters seeking to destroy Russia. Defendants accused the government of committing crimes against the people […]

Tony Rocchi28.11.2023

Part 4 see here. Tsar Nicholas II has received many contradictory interpretations. Popular publications in Russia today often idealize him and regard him as a martyr betrayed and killed by his own people. Tsar Nicholas II and his family are considered saints by the Russian Orthodox Church. However, the last tsar of the Russian Empire […]

Tony Rocchi15.11.2023

Part 3 see here. Terrorism was only one of several types of mass violence in the Revolution of 1905-1907. The other types included: the violence of mass protest movements, criminal violence, and government violence in suppressing the revolution. The massiveness and varieties of violence in mass protest movements in the Russian Empire reached proportions not […]

Tony Rocchi12.11.2023

Part 2 see here. Support from liberals and moderate socialists and ambivalent attitudes by conservatives enabled the massiveness and continuity of left-wing terrorism in Russia between 1901-1911. In its fight against terrorism and revolutionary violence, the government found few supporters. What happened was the mass criminalization of Russian educated society. The relevance of the liberal […]

Tony Rocchi11.11.2023

Secret-meeting-of-Russian-revolutionary-terrorists-at-the-beginning-of-the-20th-century.jpg

Part 1 see here. Terrorism became a regular feature of political life in the Russian Empire between 1901-1911. The first outbreak of terrorism in the 20th century began on February 27, 1901 (old calendar) with the assassination of Education Minister N. P. Bogolepov by the revolutionary P. V. Karpovich and ended on September 1, 1911 […]

Tony Rocchi10.11.2023

The Russian Revolution of 1905-1907 was the first major European revolution with a terrorist component. Politically-motivated killings happened on a large scale in previous European revolutions, especially in the French Revolution of 1789-1804 and the European revolutions of 1848-1849. However, in the Revolution of 1905-1907, we are talking about terrorist acts conducted by organized groups. […]

Tony Rocchi24.10.2023

The Origins of Mass Political Terrorism in the Modern World. Mass terrorism was born in Russia. Terrorism — organized, armed violence against governments and societies — did not begin on September 11, 2001 with the attacks by Al-Qaida in the United States. Although politically motivated killings have happened over the centuries, terrorism as a specific […]

Viktor Alksnis19.07.2023

Another successful attack of the Armed Forces of Ukraine on the Crimean Bridge was inevitable due to two factors. The first is political, connected with the policy of “agreements” with Ukraine and its allies, which the Kremlin and President Vladimir Putin personally are actively trying to pursue. The “grain deal” allowed Ukraine to launch semi-submersible […]

Tony Rocchi22.09.2022

How did you decide to become a historian? What attracted you the most? My interest in Russian history began when I was 14 years old and saw the Hollywood movie Anastasia starring Ingrid Bergman as a pretender to the throne. I went on to read books about tsars and Cossacks during that time. I started […]

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terrorism

What is Terrorism?

Political Crimes in the Russian Empire

Terrorism and Other Types of Mass Violence in the Russian Revolution of 1905-1907: Part 5

Terrorism and Other Types of Mass Violence in the Russian Revolution of 1905-1907: Part 4

Terrorism and Other Types of Mass Violence in the Russian Revolution of 1905-1907: Part 3

Terrorism and Other Types of Mass Violence in the Russian Revolution of 1905-1907: Part 2.

Terrorism and Other Types of Mass Violence in the Russian Revolution of 1905-1907: Part 1.

The “Era of Dynamite”

Ukrainian Attack on Crimean Bridge

Russian Terrorism Yesterday and Today

The Ideal Meal Plan

In The Beginning Was Marshal Voroshilov

Jack London Covered The War Where My Ancestors Fought

Skopin Is Where General Guderian’s Army Was Stopped